Specializations Available in Legal education

Specializations Available for Electives or at Master Level

1. Administrative Law:
   • The branch of public law that deals with governing the administrative bodies of Indian government which include rule making, adjudication, enforcement of specific regulations, etc. 
2. Alternative Dispute Resolution:
   • Alternative Dispute Resolution (“ADR”) refers to any means of settling disputes outside of the courtroom. ADR typically includes early neutral evaluation, negotiation, conciliation, mediation, and arbitration. (Source: Wex Legal Dictionary)
3. Bioethics and Health law:
   • Bioethics is the study of typically controversial ethics brought about by advances in biology and medicine. It is also moral discernment as it relates to medical policy, practice, and research. (Source: Science Daily)
4. Business Law:
   • Business law is also known as mercantile law or Commercial law refers to law that deals with commercial or business matters. It governs all the business activities such as starting, buying, managing and selling or closing of a business. It also governs the law of rights, relations and conducts of person, companies, organizations or businesses.
5. Constitutional Law:
   • Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and the relationship between the central government and state governments. In most nations, constitutional law is based on the text of a document ratified at the time the nation came into being.
6. Criminal Law:
   • The body of law relating to crime. It deals with matters like threatening, harmful or endangering to the property, health, safety and moral welfare of people. It includes punishing and rehabilitation of people who commits crime 
7. Cyber Law & Cyber Security:
   • The regulation of safeguarding information technology and computer systems with the purpose of forcing companies to protect their systems and information from cyber attacks like viruses worms, Trojan horses, phishing, DOS attacks, unauthorised access, etc in order to  protect the legitimate rights and interest of the citizens. 
8. Energy Law:
   • Energy laws govern the use and taxation of energy, both renewable and non-renewable. These laws are the primary authorities (such as caselaw, statutes, rules, regulations and edicts) related to energy. Energy law includes the legal provision for oil, gasoline, and “extraction taxes.” The practice of energy law includes contracts for siting, extraction, licenses for the acquisition and ownership rights in oil and gas both under the soil before discovery and after its capture, and adjudication regarding those rights.
9. Environmental Law:
   • Environmental law is the broad area of law that includes legal issues related to the environment such as water, hazardous waste, agriculture, green initiatives, air quality, species protection, wetlands, biodiversity, alternative sources of energy, etc.
10. Finance Law/ Banking Law/ Securities Law:
    • The banking and financial industries are heavily regulated by both state and federal law. These laws impose reporting requirements for banks and other financial institutions, govern securities and other transactions, and regulate taxes. In addition to affecting banks, banking and finance law often plays a large role in mergers and acquisitions of corporations, stock purchases and investments by both individuals and companies, and tax audits of bank accounts. This becomes all the more interesting when cross-border investments are made. (Source: Find Law)
11. Human Rights law:
    • The body of law that recognises that basic rights and freedoms are inherent to all human beings, inalienable and equally applicable to everyone, and that every one of us is born free and equal in dignity and rights.(Source: Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
12. Intellectual Property Law:
    • The law dealing with the rules for securing and enforcing legal rights to inventions, designs, and artistic works and protecting ownership of personal property and real estate through copyright act, trade and merchandise marks act, patents act, design act and so on..
13. International Humanitarian Law/ Law of War:
    • The law and legal rules concerned with the conduct of armed conflicts is called humanitarian law. It is the body of rules which in wartime protects the people who are not participating in the hostilities in order to prevent human sufferings during armed conflicts.
14. International Law:
    • The legal aspects revolving at the global context that is dealing with the legal relations between nations and states, with respect to issues such as drafting and negotiating signing treaties across countries, handling conflicts related to global commerce or IPR, etc. these legal rules are established by treaties recognised by different nations.
15. Jurisprudence:
    • It is also known as Legal theory. It involves the theoretical study of the law and its underlying principles. It is majorly practiced by Philosophers and Social Scientists in order to reveal the historical, moral and cultural basis of a particular legal concept. 
16. Labour Law and Social Security Law:
    • The law that aims to regulate employment of contract labour in order to prohibit unfair practices and injustice to the labour group.  
17. Laws of Taxation:
    • Tax law is the practice of law that relates to the assessment and payment of taxes. Tax laws come from a variety of sources. When disputes occur, tax lawyers help their clients assert their rights and protect their interests. Tax law is the understanding and application of tax laws that may impact both individuals and corporations. (Source: Legal Career Path)
18. Media Law/ Entertainment Law:
    • Entertainment law encompasses a wide variety of legal fields, including intellectual property, copyright, international law, and employment law. Although most of entertainment law consists of transactions, there are many legal disputes that arise over the terms of these agreements and the royalties to which an individual may or may not be entitled. Many entertainment lawyers take on multiple rules, serving as legal counsel, talent management, and confidants to stars and entertainers. (Source: Justia)
19. Personal Laws:
    • Personal law is defined as a law that applies to a certain class or group of people or a particular person, based on the religions, faith, and culture. In India, everyone belongs to different caste, religion and have their own faith and belief. Their belief is decided by the sets of laws. And these laws are made by considering different customs followed by that religion. Indians are following these laws since the colonial period. In this chapter, we will learn about the personal laws of Hindu, Muslims and the Christian community.
20. Public International Law:
    • Public International law consists of rules and principles governing the relations and dealings of nations with each other, and relations between international organisations.(Source: Wex Law Academy)
21. Transitional Justice:
    • Transitional justice refers to the ways countries emerging from periods of conflict and repression address large-scale or systematic human rights violations so numerous and so serious that the normal justice system will not be able to provide an adequate response. (Source: International Centre for Transitional Justice)